the paths to leadership in energy and environment design water conservation credits for evaporative cooling towers

By optimizing the cooling tower, Get more use from water.  The first strategy is directed at maximizing the use and value of each gallon of water used in cooling's cycles of concentration .  The success of this strategy and the ease or difficulty of implementing it's dependent on the quality of the available potable water..
For some of these design paths, achieving the desired reduction of water use comes with some potential side effects and new challenges that must be evaluated and addressed.  For instance, increasing COC is more difficult when the water has hardness.
By including drift eliminators, Equipment manufacturers address this, drift loss could be up to 3 gpm.
By the regime, This is determined by taking the specific conductance of the water and dividing it by the conductance of makeup. The calculation can also be done using minerals that are not affected, such as chloride or silica..
The better the quality of the water, the higher COC that can be achieved and less blowdown is required to maintain COC to keep the quality within acceptable limits.
By far the factor affecting strategies to conserve water by increasing TDS, specifically hardness, is COC.  Increasing COC is much easier to implement in locations where water is soft, such Southeast, and Northwest of United States..
The percentage compares COC exceeding COC by 25% earns 2 credits, can be gained if COC is exceeded by 30%...
HVAC Condensate. Especially in Southeastern U.S., humidity and high cooling loads during most of the year affords high potential for condensate capture. In Washington, D.C., for example, the condensate capture could be according to ASHRAE Journal article..
Regulations vary by state on the use of such water   This map provides assessment of the feasibility of implementing rainwater and capture. A 2012 study published by University of Tennessee concluded that number of COC can be achieved with rainwater because dissolved solids are significantly lower than in tap water..
Normally RO is used to produce water, and that would be too corrosive for cooling tower applications.  Therefore RO is used, the most cost-effective design is to use softener to remove the hardness minerals prior to RO process..
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