Kitchen ventilation is the branch of ventilation specialising in the treatment of air from kitchens. It addresses the problems of grease, smoke and odours not found in most other ventilation systems.
An adequate kitchen ventilation system should:
- Remove cooking fumes at the source, i.e. as close as possible to the cooking equipment.
- Remove excess hot air and introduce cool clean air, maintaining a comfortable environment. Inadequate ventilation can cause stress, contributing to unsafe working conditions and high staff turnover.
- Ensure that air movement in the kitchen does not cause discomfort.
- Provide sufficient air for complete combustion at fired appliances, and prevent the risk of carbon monoxide accumulation.
- Be easy to clean (intermittent e.g., manually, or continuously e.g. using ozone) so that fat residues do not accumulate in the hood and ducts and block air inlets, leading to loss of efficiency and increasing fire risk.
- Be quiet and vibration-free.
- Firerated insulation to comply to NFPA 96 requirements.
The design of an effective kitchen ventilation system is determined by:
- The kitchen's workload
- The amount, type and power of cooking equipment
- The kitchen's layout and shape
- The number of kitchen staff
- The need for easy cleaning and maintenance
- Energy efficiency
- Fire rated enclosure to comply to NFPA 96 requirements and tested to ASTM E2336. Rockwool or calcium silicate boards that are not fire tested and listed as per ASTM E2336 and BFPA 96 requirements should not be used. Alkaline Earth Silicate wool such as- Fastwrap XL from Morgan Advanced Materials can be a noteworthy option.
The most common types of grease filters used in professional kitchens are:
- Water-based
- Cyclonic
- Ultraviolet (UV)
- TurboSwing
A comfortable kitchen is generally considered to have:
- A temperature of 20 °C in winter and 28 °C in summer, with a maximum difference of 6 °C from the outside temperature
- Relative humidity of approximately 70%
- Air velocity less than 0.5 m/s (0.3 m/s in refrigerated areas)
